Resumo
In 2023, Offshore wind energy reached a total installed capacity of 75.2 GW, representing approximately 7.5% of the global wind installed capacity, with operational projects in Asia, Europe, and North America, led by China and the European Union. Colombia and Brazil emerge as innovation markets, with Colombia taking a step ahead by launching the first round of concessions for offshore wind utilization areas in December 2023, amidst a distinct industrial and political context from Brazil.
Decision support systems based on GIS technologies have been employed by leading countries to aid in strategic planning for offshore wind energy, implementing tools such as strategic environmental assessment and marine spatial planning. This research proposes a methodological framework comprising four components, including a GISbased decision support system and a data-driven approach, to enhance strategic planning and assist stakeholders in defining and prioritizing areas for offshore wind development, with a focus on coastal project sustainability and vertical integration from policy formulation to project implementation.
The methodology integrates various multicriteria analysis methods, employing geospatial modeling techniques parameterized to realize planning through strategic scenarios. The state of Ceará serves as a case study, prioritizing the Sustainable Optimization Scenario, revealing the potential to define at least 10 Sustainable Offshore Wind Areas covering 2,647 km2, establishing a target of 10.7 GW total installed capacity, representing 11% of the preliminary target in the Ambitious scenario set by the World Bank for the horizon up to 2050.